Botanical Characteristics:
This tree did not originate from the Mediterranean but is commonly grown there now. It originates from Afghanistan, Pakistan, and Russia. It reaches a mature size of 30-50 ft. with a spread of 15-25 ft. It has strong branches and soft dark-green needles. The needles occur in bundles of 2 and are longer than the needles of Pinus halepensis. The mature female cones are 5-6 in. long.
Ethnobotany:
Originally Pinus eldarica was used as a windbreak and to create secluded areas for the wealthy in the Persian Empire. After it was brought to the United States it was utilized in parks, golf courses, school grounds, commercial properties, and front or back yards. An Afghan pine windbreak makes valuable cover, nesting and breeding areas for upland game and songbirds. This tree gives off a mild and fresh fragrance and is a great choice for people who want to grow Christmas trees on marginal soils in tough climates.
Cultivation:
It’s a great desert pine that tolerates heat, wind, drought and cold conditions (USDA Zones 6 – 10). It has a rapid growth rate and requires full sun. It performs best with infrequent but deep watering. Water availability determines the growth rate. It is tolerant of most soils. It is hardy to the low teens, even single digits (°F).